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Ultrasound - Salivary Glands

Professor of Otolaryngology and Director of the ENT Clinic at the P.G.N.I., Georgios Psychogios, has long-standing experience in the use of ultrasound for the diagnosis and monitoring of salivary gland diseases.He has dealt extensively with the application of ultrasound as a tool in the daily clinical practice of ENT and in the best surgical preparation. (pubmed)

The Salivary Glands (parotid gland, submandibular gland and sublingual gland) are superficial organs, they can be examined in detail and reliably with the help of ultrasound. 

The Head and Neck Ultrasound is very important in a number of salivary gland diseases such as inflammation, abscesses, sialolithiasis with obstructive sialadenitis, sublingual gland polyps, chronic autoimmune disease such as Sjögren's syndrome or Sarcoidosis and of course benign and malignant tumors..

Beyond diagnosis, ultrasound is essential for performing ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules for cytological examination or core needle biopsy (cutting needle biopsy = CNB) for pathological examination and a more reliable result.

The Elastography is an ultrasound technique that allows the measurement of the elasticity and hardness of tissues.. Elastography takes advantage of the fact that malignant tissues are harder than benign or normal ones, as a result of which it can give us very important information about the severity of a tumor. In particular, the application of elastography to the parotid and submandibular glands offers particularly reliable results. Professor Mr. Psychogios has particular clinical experience and research involvement in the subject. In addition, he has the latest technology Υπερηχοτομογράφο με δυνατότητα Ελαστογραφίας 4ης γενιάς Virtual Touch Tissue imaging Quantification Shear Wave Elastography (VTIQ)

Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative monitoring:Preoperative localization of a tumor with ultrasound, especially in the parotid gland, contributes decisively to the correct selection of the appropriate surgical technique that leads to the protection of the facial nerve, the reduction of surgical time and the correct removal of the underlying pathology.

Research work: The doctor has very important research work in both ultrasound and salivary gland surgery, which began during his residency at the ENT clinic of the University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany, which is the largest salivary gland center in Europe.

Due to his significant expertise in both Head and Neck Ultrasound and salivary gland surgery, and in particular parotid, Mr. Psychogios is able to offer excellent solutions in both diagnosis and treatment across the entire spectrum of salivary gland diseases.

υπέρηχος σιελογόνοι αδένες

Personal Bibliography:

  1. Johnson F, Bozzato A, Mansour N, Mantsopoulos K, Psychogios G, Zengel P, Hofauer B. Sonography of Salivary Gland Tumors and Disorders. Ultraschall Med. 2025 Jan 17. English, German. doi: 10.1055/a-2481-7248. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39824215.
  2. Lianou AD, Basiari L, Malisovas T, Koutsikou C, Psychogios G. The Importance of Elastography in the Early Diagnosis of Highly Differentiated Parotid Tumors: a Case-Report. Maedica (Bucur). 2024 Sep;19(3):652-657. doi: 10.26574/maedica.2024.19.3.652. PMID: 39553366; PMCID: PMC11565150.
  3. Psychogios G. Ultrasonography techniques in the preoperative diagnosis of parotid gland tumors – an updated review of the literature. Med Ultrason. 2021 Feb 18;23(1):122-123. doi: 10.11152/mu-2953. PMID: 33621283.
  4. Jering M, Zenk J, Thölken R, Rüger H, Psychogios G. Can Ultrasound in Combination with Virtual Touch Imaging Quantification Predict the Dignity of a Parotid Tumor? Ultrasound Med Biol. 2021 May;47(5):1192-1203. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.12.027. Epub 2021 Feb 1. PMID: 33541749.
  5. Psychogios G, Bohr C, Constantinidis J, Canis M, Vander Poorten V, Plzak J, Knopf A, Betz C, Guntinas-Lichius O, Zenk J. Review of surgical techniques and guide for decision making in the treatment of benign parotid tumors. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jan;278(1):15-29. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06250-x. Epub 2020 Aug 4. Erratum in: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jul;278(7):2663. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-06314-y. PMID: 32749609.
  6. Rüger H, Psychogios G, Jering M, Zenk J. Multimodal Ultrasound Including Virtual Touch Imaging Quantification for Differentiating Cervical Lymph Nodes. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2020 Oct;46(10):2677-2682. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.06.005. Epub 2020 Jul 7. PMID: 32651021.
  7. Psychogios G, Vlastos I, Thölken R, Zenk J. Warthin’s tumour seems to be the most common benign neoplasm of the parotid gland in Germany. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Jul;277(7):2081-2084. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05894-z. Epub 2020 Mar 18. PMID: 32189070.
  8. Psychogios G, Rueger H, Jering M, Tsoures E, Künzel J, Zenk J. Ultrasound can help to indirectly predict contact of parotid tumors to the facial nerve, correct intraglandular localization, and appropriate surgical technique. Head Neck. 2019 Sep;41(9):3211-3218. doi: 10.1002/hed.25811. Epub 2019 Jun 10. PMID: 31179604.
  9. Heine D, Zenk J, Psychogios G. Two case reports of synchronous unilateral pleomorphic adenoma and cystadenolymphoma of the parotid gland with literature review. J Ultrason. 2018;18(75):369-373. doi: 10.15557/JoU.2018.0055. PMID: 30763025; PMCID: PMC6444322.
  10. Mantsopoulos K, Psychogios G, Agaimy A, Künzel J, Zenk J, Iro H, Bohr C. Inflamed benign tumors of the parotid gland: diagnostic pitfalls from a potentially misleading entity. Head Neck. 2015 Jan;37(1):23-9. doi: 10.1002/hed.23541. Epub 2014 Feb 1. PMID: 24488708.
  11. Klintworth N, Mantsopoulos K, Zenk J, Psychogios G, Iro H, Bozzato A. Sonoelastography of parotid gland tumours: initial experience and identification of characteristic patterns. Eur Radiol. 2012 May;22(5):947-56. doi: 10.1007/s00330-011-2344-7. Epub 2012 Jan 22. PMID: 22270139.

Georgios Psychogios

Otolaryngologist, Head and Neck Surgeon, Professor of ENT, University Hospital of Ioannina

Contact

: 26510-72130

: orl.pgnioannina@gmail.com

Last updated: April, 2025.